Translation is defined as which of the following?

Translation is defined as which of the following?

• A. The process where genetic information coded in mRNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome
• B. The process where DNA is copied into RNA
• C. The process of RNA splicing
• D. The process of DNA replication

Answer: (A)

Translation is the process by which the information encoded in mRNA is used to build a protein at the ribosome. The ribosome reads each three-nucleotide codon on the mRNA, and a matching tRNA brings in the corresponding amino acid. As the ribosome moves along, amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form a growing polypeptide chain, which eventually folds into a functional protein. The start codon (AUG) sets the reading frame and codes for methionine, while stop codons signal termination of the protein. This differs from transcription, which copies DNA into RNA; RNA splicing, which removes introns from RNA; and DNA replication, which duplicates the DNA genome.

Translation is the process by which the information encoded in mRNA is used to build a protein at the ribosome. The ribosome reads each three-nucleotide codon on the mRNA, and a matching tRNA brings in the corresponding amino acid. As the ribosome moves along, amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form a growing polypeptide chain, which eventually folds into a functional protein. The start codon (AUG) sets the reading frame and codes for methionine, while stop codons signal termination of the protein.

This differs from transcription, which copies DNA into RNA; RNA splicing, which removes introns from RNA; and DNA replication, which duplicates the DNA genome.